Environment-friendly synthesis of palladium nanoparticles loaded on Zeolite Type-Y (Na-form) using Anacardium Occidentale shell extract (Cashew nut shell extract), characterization and application in C C coupling reaction

Abstract

Abstract Environment-friendly synthesis of heterogeneous nanoparticles is more effective in action of their properties. In the present study, PdNP@Zeolite Type-Y (Na-form) has been successfully synthesized by applying a simple reduction method using an aqueous extract of Anacardium Occidentale shell as a reducing and stabilizing agent. The aqueous extract from the Anacardium Occidentale shell acts both as a reducing agent and a capping agent for converting the Pd2+ to Pd°. The PdNP@Zeolite Type-Y (Na-form) is characterized using FTIR, FE-SEM/EDS, PXRD, ICP-AES, BET, TGA and HR-TEM. The crystal structure of PdNP@Zeolite Type-Y (Na-form) is determined by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The experimental studies have revealed that when palladium nanoparticles are loaded on zeolite Type-Y (Na-form) they exhibit excellent catalytic activity for Suzuki-Miyaura cross coupling reaction. We showed high efficiency, high selectivity and excellent TONs (1540-2100), TOFs (6160-8400) by using small amount of PdNP@Zeolite Type-Y (Na-form) catalyst at lower time. Moreover, the catalyst can be recycled without significant loss of its catalytic activity. The present strategy is the reliable for preparing heterogeneous nanocatalyst and has a broad application in organic transformations.