Abstract
Reservoirs and lakes are widely used for fisheries, both capture fisheries and aquaculture. Aquaculture fisheries that develop in reservoirs or lakes include floating net cages culture (FCC) and pen culture. Besides impacting the economy and employment opportunities, aquaculture activities through FCC can decrease water quality from uneaten feed and fish metabolism residue. For this reason, an environmentally friendly FCC is needed to reduce aquaculture waste. This paper reviews the development of ecologically friendly FCC research in Indonesia. Several studies on environmentally friendly FCC include double net FCC, bio-cages, carpel FCC, windowed, and triple layer FCC. Double net FCC still allows the remaining uneaten feed and feces to settle. Bio-cage research is in the innovation model stage and has no prototype or laboratory tests. Windowed FCC, made with a closed system and a few gaps for circulation, can accommodate aquaculture waste and not spread into the waters, but fish grow slower than other FCC. The loop bio-phytoremediation of FCC or Smart FCC has three layers that can accommodate waste, and the waste will be used for plants that function as filters and phytoremediators of waste. Smart FCC is an aquaponic system modified to be applied in reservoirs/lakes.
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