Enviromental Risk Factors for Breast Câncer in Maceió City, Alagoas: Case Study – Control

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: During the last decades and expressive increase on the incidence and mortality of breast cancer occurred around the world. It seems like, this malignant neoplasia is the result of the interaction of genetic factors on life style, reproductive habits and from the environment. The main risk factors for breast cancer are from biological nature. However it is clear the importance from the environmental factors in the breast cancer etiology, when the migrant pollution rate’s changes are observed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: It is a multi-institutional case-control study. One hundred patients, where 50 of those patients insert in the case group and 50 insert in the control group from 2011 on December to June of 2012. Data collection was performed by applying a protocol and an informed consent approved by the ethics committee of Federal University of Alagoas. Data were entered and analyzed by Epi-Info 3.5. 1. Windows version. The statistical tests selected for analysis were: The Qui-square, Fisher’s exact Test. RESULTS: Among the 67 patients that had exposure to radiation 34 (50, 7%) were from the case group and 23 (40, 3%) from the control group with a p=0, 831. The patients that were exposure to air contamination 25 (52, 1%) belonged to the case group and 23 (47, 9%) from the control group, but with a p=0, 689. Also the woman exposure to fotalatos and bisferol 25 (51%) were from the case group and 24 (49%) were from the control group with a p=0, 841. The item permanent hair dye 67 stated the use e from those 35 (52, 2%) were from the cases and 32 (47, 8%) were in the control group with a p=0, 523. Talking about the pesticide and insecticide at the residence, from 55 women that affirmed 32 (58, 2) were from the case group and 23 (41, 8%) from the control group, but there was a p=0, 070. The hormone therapy from the 63 patients that were part of the study 32 (50, 8%) were in the case group and 31 (49, 2%) were in the control group and the p=0, 835. DISCUSSION: The breast cancer s etiology is characterized for being multifactorial. A present discussion is that environmental factors also have a roll at the cancer genese. Speaking of great concerns they are: external environment air pollution through carbon associated to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons; and food contamination through nitrates, pesticides, dioxins and other organochlorines. Besides the ones mentioned, some medication and some ingredients and contaminants found in comsmetic, can be involved in the cancer’s genesis. Inducted cancers by radiation are caused by the late stochastic effects from the ionized radiaton. They include some types of leukemia and lymphoma, thyroid cancer, skin cancer of the lung and breast. The polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) result from the combustion of organic substances is mutagenic. Also the bisferol A and fotalatos, xenoestrogens used in contentores foods that could migrate to the food and being ingested, has been suspect as carcinogenics in human being. It is known that the permanent hair dye, containing aromatic amines, rises the bladder cancer, leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma, investigated in advanced research. CONCLUSION: This study, none of the enviromental factors researched, shows statistical significance to neoplasia, but as this kind of approach is still in embryonic phase, and there is a need of further studies with a higher number of the sample.