Abstract
Abstract. The Environment – High Resolution Limited Area Model (Enviro-HIRLAM) is developed as a fully online integrated numerical weather prediction (NWP) and atmospheric chemical transport (ACT) model for research and forecasting of joint meteorological, chemical and biological weather. The integrated modelling system is developed by the Danish Meteorological Institute (DMI) in collaboration with several European universities. It is the baseline system in the HIRLAM Chemical Branch and used in several countries and different applications. The development was initiated at DMI more than 15 years ago. The model is based on the HIRLAM NWP model with online integrated pollutant transport and dispersion, chemistry, aerosol dynamics, deposition and atmospheric composition feedbacks. To make the model suitable for chemical weather forecasting in urban areas, the meteorological part was improved by implementation of urban parameterisations. The dynamical core was improved by implementing a locally mass-conserving semi-Lagrangian numerical advection scheme, which improves forecast accuracy and model performance. The current version (7.2), in comparison with previous versions, has a more advanced and cost-efficient chemistry, aerosol multi-compound approach, aerosol feedbacks (direct and semi-direct) on radiation and (first and second indirect effects) on cloud microphysics. Since 2004, the Enviro-HIRLAM has been used for different studies, including operational pollen forecasting for Denmark since 2009 and operational forecasting atmospheric composition with downscaling for China since 2017. Following the main research and development strategy, further model developments will be extended towards the new NWP platform – HARMONIE. Different aspects of online coupling methodology, research strategy and possible applications of the modelling system, and fit-for-purpose model configurations for the meteorological and air quality communities are discussed.
Highlights
During the last decades, a new field of atmospheric modelling – the chemical weather forecasting (CWF) – has been quickly developing and growing
The representation of urban areas in Enviro-HIRLAM contains the following aspects and processes (Baklanov et al, 2005): i. model down-scaling, including increasing vertical and horizontal resolution and nesting techniques; ii. modified high-resolution urban land-use classifications, parameterisations and algorithms for roughness parameters in urban areas based on the morphologic method; iii. specific parameterisation of the urban fluxes in the mesoscale model; iv. modelling/parameterisation of meteorological fields in the urban sublayer; and v. calculation of the urban mixing height based on prognostic approaches
We have provided a comprehensive description of the Environment – High Resolution Limited Area Model (Enviro-HIRLAM), which is developed as a fully online coupled/integrated numerical weather prediction and atmospheric chemical transport modelling system for research and forecasting of joint meteorological, chemical and biological weather
Summary
A new field of atmospheric modelling – the chemical weather forecasting (CWF) – has been quickly developing and growing. The online integration of meso-meteorological models (MetM) and atmospheric aerosols and ACT models gives a possibility to utilise all meteorological 3-D fields in the ACT model at each time step and to consider nonlinear feedbacks of air pollution (e.g. atmospheric aerosols) on meteorological processes/climate forcing and on the chemical composition of the atmosphere This very promising way for future atmospheric modelling systems (as a part of, and a step toward, the Earth system modelling, ESM) will lead to a new generation of seamless coupled models for meteorological, chemical and biochemical weather forecasting. An overall description of the current version of the Enviro-HIRLAM coupled modelling system with improved parameterisations of meteorology–composition twoway interactions, the main steps in its development and examples in different application areas for air quality, weather and pollen forecasting are considered for the first time.
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