Envelope solitary waves in two-negative ions with stationary dust grains

Abstract

Using a multi-fluid model, we look at how modulated electrostatic dust-ion-acoustic wave packets move nonlinearly through a plasma made up of a three-ion fluid with Maxwellian electrons and stationary dust grains. A nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation describes the electric potential envelope wave packet. The analysis reveals the existence of different types of localized modes, namely bright, dark, and grey solitons. We numerically analyse the coefficients of the NLS equation to identify stable or unstable regions for wave packet propagation. It is found that higher relative density ratios increase the group velocity of the wave packets. Stable pulses can become unstable when plasma parameters exceed certain relative density ratio values. Stable pulses can exist within a crucial window of the relative dust density ratio. Controlling the dust grain density ratio outside the zone can cause unstable wave packets or bright envelope solitons to propagate.