Abstract
No thermal process, even the biological systems, can escape from the long arms of the second law. All living things preserve entropy since they obtain energy from the nutrition they consume and gain order by producing disorder. The entropy generation in a biological and thermally isolated system is the main subject of current investigation. The aim is to examine the entropy generation during the convective transport of a ciliated nano-liquid in a micro-channel under the effect of a uniform magnetic field. Joint effects of electroosmosis and thermal radiation are also brought into consideration. To attain mathematical simplicity, the governing equations are transformed to wave frame where the inertial parts of the transport equations are dropped with the use of a long-wavelength approximation. This finally produces the governing equations in the form of ordinary differential equations which are solved numerically by a shooting technique. The analysis reports that the cilia motion contributes to enhance the flow and heat transfer phenomena. An enhancement in the flow is observed near the channel surface for higher cilia length and for smaller values of the electroosmotic parameter. The entropy generation in the ciliated channel is observed to be lessened by intensifying the thermal radiation and decreasing the Ohmic heating. The extended and flexible cilia structure contributes to augment the volumetric flow rate and to drop the total entropy generation in the channel.
Highlights
Motile cilia aided transport plays an important role in the motion of the cell body or the neighboring material over the cell surface
The primary objective of this study is to explore the entropy generation aspects of thermally radiated nano-liquid in an electroosmotic pump with its surface lined with a cilia mat
An entropy analysis is performed in a ciliated channel filled with nano-Carreau fluid under thermal radiation in the presence of an electric double layer EDL and magnetic field in the wave frame
Summary
Motile cilia aided transport plays an important role in the motion of the cell body or the neighboring material over the cell surface. One of the major issues in the preparation of energy-resonant materials is the low thermal conductance of traditional heat transfer fluids Nowadays, this issue is being addressed by suspending nanoscale solid granules such as copper, silver, gold, titanium, copper oxide, etc., in a conventional liquid such as water, ethylene glycol, oil, or blood, etc. Some antientropic actions include the flow of various materials, such as urination, sweat, blood stream, muscle spasms, and biosynthesis Owing to these important applications of thermodynamics in biological systems, some investigations ([25,26]) have been conducted in this field. The primary objective of this study is to explore the entropy generation aspects of thermally radiated nano-liquid in an electroosmotic pump with its surface lined with a cilia mat. The expression for pressure-rise per metachronal wavelength is numerically calculated by integrating the pressure gradient
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