Entropy optimized analysis for the radiative flow of a nanofluid: the Darcy-Forchheimer model

Abstract

Nanofluids have higher motivation to develop innovative thermal transport, and significant attempts have been made in this area during the last decades. Currently various researchers have concentrated their effort on the study of nanofluidy. Nanomaterials’ innovative behaviors make them significant in various applications such as hybrid-power engines, refrigerators, regenerative medicines, heat exchangers, engine cooling pharmaceutical processes, electronics cooling and vehicle thermal management, etc. Here entropy generation in the hydromagnetic flow of the timedependent Darcy-Forchheimer nanoliquid over a stretched porous surface is scrutinized. Magnetic force and dissipation are addressed in heat equation. Here copper () oxide and aluminum () oxide are considered nanoparticles and water () is used as the base liquid. Nonlinear dimensionless equations are developed through the implementation of similarity variables. To get the numerical solution here, we employed the bvp4c technique. The influences of sundry variables on temperature, fluid flow, and entropy rate are discussed. The performance of fluid friction and heat transport rate against flow variables are studied. Higher porosity variable reduces the velocity profile. An opposite effect is noted for entropy rate and velocity. The Larger Brinkman number corresponds to augments’ entropy rate and temperature. Drag force and the Nusselt number have decaying trends for the magnetic field. An opposite of thermal transport rate and drag force for unsteadiness parameter is noticed.