Entropy of AC electro-kinetics for blood mediated gold or copper nanoparticles as a drug agent for thermotherapy of oncology

Abstract

Nanoparticles play a radical role in oncology treatment especially nanoparticles of gold (Au NPs). Among the substantial properties of Au NPs is the possession of a large atomic number, which helps in the treatment of tumors. Furthermore, it is employed to encapsulate large numbers of therapeutic compounds. Also, the alternating electric field therapy (AC electro-kinetics, called tumor treating fields TTF), is used in malignancy oncology therapy (MOT). The aim of this article is to investigate the blood flow characteristics under the influence of AC electric field and heat transfer in the presence of Au and Cu-NPs through a symmetric elastic sinusoidal channel. The governing equations of the Jeffrey fluid (blood model) along with total mass, thermal energy, and the electric potential equations are simplified by using the postulate of long wavelength approximation. The expressions of the axial velocity field, stream function, pressure gradient, the temperature distribution, and the electric potential field are obtained by using DSolve program in Mathematica software (version 10). Influence of the materialistic parameters like the Jeffrey parameter, volume fraction, Grashof number, and electric Rayleigh number on the velocity profile, temperature distribution, electrical potential, pressure gradient, pressure rise, and entropy generation are considered. Two different nanofluid suspensions are investigated (Au and Cu NPs). The results pointed out that the Au-NPs are efficacious for drug carrying and drug delivery systems, this is evidenced by the velocity in the case of Au-NPs greater than in the case of Cu-NPs. Also, when the electrical Raleigh number increases, an electric force is generated to reverse the wave propagation.