Abstract
A proper mathematical model given by nonlinear Poisson–Nernst–Planck (PNP) equations which describe electrokinetics of charged species is considered. The model is generalized with entropy variables associating the pressure and quasi-Fermi electro-chemical potentials in order to adhere to the law of conservation of mass. Based on a variational principle for suitable free energy, the generalized PNP system is endowed with the structure of a gradient flow. The well-posedness theorems for the mixed formulation (using the entropy variables) of the gradient-flow problem are provided within the Gibbs simplex and supported by a-priori estimates of the solution.
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