Entropy Generation and Thermal Analysis on MHD Second-Grade Fluid with Variable Thermophysical Properties over a Stratified Permeable Surface of Paraboloid Revolution

Abstract

Stratification is used in a wide range of energy storage fields, including solar thermal energy systems. This paper investigates entropy optimization and the effects of heat production, magnetic field, and various fluid parameters on the flow of second-grade fluid through unstratified and stably stratified paraboloids of revolution. In the heat transfer equation, stratification, linear thermal radiation, and Joule dissipation have all been explored. The similarity transformation is used to convert the governing PDEs into nonlinear ODEs. The HAM (homotopy analysis method) is used to solve dimensionless nonlinear ODEs. The impact of significant elements on various profiles is exposed and explored. Graphical results are used to examine the influence of the velocity profile, temperature, concentration, and entropy formation rate using tables to indicate the characteristics of skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number for numerous parameters. It is noticed that the velocity is enhanced by raising the stratification parameter, while the opposite behavior is observed for temperature distribution. The concentration profile declined as the solute stratification parameter was enhanced. For both the unstratified and stratified regions, incremental values of the Brinkman number and magnetic parameter depict augmentation in entropy production, while entropy production drops for a large value of the temperature ratio parameter.