Entropy generation and Cattaneo-Christov heat flux effects on Williamson hybrid nanofluid flow through various radiations and geometries: A comparative study

Abstract

This entire study aims to prove the impacts of linear radiation, nonlinear thermal radiation, and quadratic radiation entropy generation on Williamson hybrid nanofluids through a comparative analysis of the magnetohydrodynamic flow in a porous material over a stretching cylinder and plate. We used hybrid nanofluid blood based on silver (Ag) and aluminum dioxide () nanoparticles. Using the Runge-Kutta technique of fourth order, the controlling nonlinear coupled Partial Differential Equations (PDE) are converted into nonlinear coupled Ordinary Differential Equations (ODE). Both numerical and homotopy perturbation methods are used to find the best solution for the nonlinear system. The findings are presented in a table and as graphical representations for a variety of parameters, including temperature, Bejan number, streamlines, entropy generation, and three-dimensional graphs of skin friction and Nusselt number. In this model, we compare the three different thermal radiations over the cylinder and plate compression, and those are represented via graphs. The velocity profile decreases for Williamson hybrid nanofluids over both cylinders and plates, while the magnetic field parameters increase. Furthermore, the results demonstrate a high level of agreement with earlier literature when compared. Our model may apply to physiological systems, pharmacological transport phenomena, and medical simulation tools. During endoscopy, a magnetic force field identifies or treats diseases. surgical procedures, nano-pharmacological delivery systems, etc.