Entropy generation and advanced hydrothermal examination of ferrofluid confined within an irregular cavity under Lorentz forces

Abstract

In this investigation, we emphasize the consequences of heat transmission within an irregular enclosure containing ferrofluid and an angled magnetic field employing the finite element method. The equations governing this formulation's fluid flow are transformed into dimensionless forms incorporating suitable transformation scales. A non-linear system of equations is solved using Newton's technique. The velocity profile is computed in quadratic ℘2 Polynomial space, whereas the temperature and pressure are computed linear ℘1 Polynomial space of function. Parameters like Rayleigh number within the range of 103≤Ra≤105, nanoparticle volume friction 0≤φ≤0.04, Hartmann number ranging in the interval 0≤Ha≤100 and the magnetic field's angle of inclination is taken in the interval 0°≤γ≤45° have all been taken into consideration during the investigation. The outcomes are stored in isotherms, streamlines, and heat-lines structures. The effects of magnetization on reversibility, heat transfer, and flow are also explored. According to the findings of a study, a rise in the Hartmann number has an attenuating influence on the Nusselt number. Still, a rise in the magnetic field inclination angle has the opposite effect. Additionally, the Bejan number indicated a tendency towards growing with the Hartmann number, and entropy production decreased for increasing values of nanoparticle volume friction and Hartmann number. Both of these trends were seen for increasing values.