Abstract
Routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks is a routing solution specifically developed for wireless sensor networks, which does not quickly rebuild topology of mobile networks. In this article, we propose a mechanism based on mobility entropy and integrate it into the corona RPL (CoRPL) mechanism, which is an extension of the IPv6 routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks (RPL). We extensively evaluated our proposal with a simulator for Internet of Things and wireless sensor networks. The mobility entropy-based mechanism, called CoRPL+E, considers the displacement of nodes as a deciding factor to define the links through which nodes communicate. Simulation results show that the proposed mechanism, when compared to CoRPL mechanism, is effective in reducing packet loss and latency in simulated mobile routing protocol for low-power and lossy networks. From the simulation results, one can see that the CoRPL+E proposal mechanism provides a packet loss reduction rate of up to 50% and delays reduction by up to 25% when compared to CoRPL mechanism.
Highlights
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs)1–4 occupy several environments such as residences, offices, and factories, and perform an important role in integrating smart objects to the Internet of Things (IoT).5Motivating research in the area of IoT and WSNs forecasts point to the existence of about 50 billion devices connected to IoT in 2020,6 which includes everyday objects such as mobile devices, cars, and parts, products, and industrial machines
It is seen in Ahamed and Faruque11 that 5G networks will play an important role in services of remote monitoring and real-time control of devices that support machine-to-machine (M2M) and IoT communication such as connected cars, mobile robots, sensors installed in the industry, public infrastructure, and smart homes
We suggest that the DAG Metric Container (DMC) field of DIO and DAO messages is carried as recorded metric; the x, y position information of each wireless node is present in the path between a given mobile nodes (MNs) and the root node of the network, where positioning variables x, y can carry either global absolute positioning information or relative node positioning information
Summary
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) occupy several environments such as residences, offices, and factories, and perform an important role in integrating smart objects to the Internet of Things (IoT).5Motivating research in the area of IoT and WSNs forecasts point to the existence of about 50 billion devices connected to IoT in 2020,6 which includes everyday objects such as mobile devices, cars, and parts, products, and industrial machines. International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks macro-cells in order to increase the quality of communication in the coverage area, increase the transmission rate, and reduce the communication delay.7 In this scenario, base stations (BSs) of SCs may be used to offer Internet access to WSNs’ gateways, called IoT border routers in IoT terminology. The IoT border routers can employ dedicated hardware or even be smart phones equipped with different technologies to communicate with sensors in the environment and to offer new smart applications.8–10 From this perspective, it is seen in Ahamed and Faruque that 5G networks will play an important role in services of remote monitoring and real-time control of devices that support machine-to-machine (M2M) and IoT communication such as connected cars, mobile robots, sensors installed in the industry, public infrastructure, and smart homes. The IoT border routers can employ dedicated hardware or even be smart phones equipped with different technologies to communicate with sensors in the environment and to offer new smart applications. From this perspective, it is seen in Ahamed and Faruque that 5G networks will play an important role in services of remote monitoring and real-time control of devices that support machine-to-machine (M2M) and IoT communication such as connected cars, mobile robots, sensors installed in the industry, public infrastructure, and smart homes.
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