Abstract
We present a time-domain Schmidt-mode analysis of a broadband continuous-variable entanglement of photon pairs generated via a vectorial four-wave mixing (FWM) of ultrashort laser pulses in a highly nonlinear birefringent optical fiber. We demonstrate that the time-domain eigenmodes of high-purity two-photon states generated through vectorial FWM can be steered, by varying the pump wavelength and FWM polarization geometry, from a high-purity entangled ket to a high-entropy entangled state in a space of a very high dimensionality. Moreover, this pulse-mode analysis is shown to provide a clear physical perspective on how the entanglement structure of two-photon states builds up as a result of short-pulse FWM dynamics. This insight reveals a correspondence-type relation between the quantum and classical pictures of photon-pair generation. With an eye on practical applications, a clear understanding of the temporal profile of pulse modes representing high-purity two-photon states is central to a meaningful shaping of ultrashort photon-packet waveforms for super-resolving microscopy and multiphoton spectroscopy using quantum states of light.
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