Abstract
Entropy and compression have been used to distinguish fetuses at risk of hypoxia from their healthy counterparts through the analysis of Fetal Heart Rate (FHR). Low correlation that was observed between these two approaches suggests that they capture different complexity features. This study aims at characterizing the complexity of FHR features captured by entropy and compression, using as reference international guidelines. Single and multi-scale approaches were considered in the computation of entropy and compression. The following physiologic-based features were considered: FHR baseline; percentage of abnormal long (%abLTV) and short (%abSTV) term variability; average short term variability; and, number of acceleration and decelerations. All of the features were computed on a set of 68 intrapartum FHR tracings, divided as normal, mildly, and moderately-severely acidemic born fetuses. The correlation between entropy/compression features and the physiologic-based features was assessed. There were correlations between compressions and accelerations and decelerations, but neither accelerations nor decelerations were significantly correlated with entropies. The %abSTV was significantly correlated with entropies (ranging between −0.54 and −0.62), and to a higher extent with compression (ranging between −0.80 and −0.94). Distinction between groups was clearer in the lower scales using entropy and in the higher scales using compression. Entropy and compression are complementary complexity measures.
Highlights
In developed countries, clinical decisions during labor are strongly based on Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) monitoring [1,2], and cardiotocography is the tool that is routinely used for FHR and uterine contractions recordings
Following previous work’s suggestion [15], this study aims at characterizing the complexity FHR features that are captured by entropy and by compression having as reference international clinical guidelines, and exploring the multiscale approach for entropy and compression
The different entropies and tolerances used in FHR analysis were highly correlated as were the different used compressors
Summary
Clinical decisions during labor are strongly based on Fetal Heart Rate (FHR) monitoring [1,2], and cardiotocography is the tool that is routinely used for FHR and uterine contractions recordings. Despite the importance of FHR monitoring, poor reproducibility of visual analysis of cardiotocograms have been reported [1,3], and computerized FHR analysis and new Entropy 2017, 19, 688; doi:10.3390/e19120688 www.mdpi.com/journal/entropy. Entropy 2017, 19, 688 signal processing and pattern recognition techniques have been developed [4,5,6]. In this setting, complexity analysis of FHR recordings remains one of the most challenging tasks. Uncritical adherence to conventional guidelines might become more harmful than beneficial [7]
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