Entrepreneurship in Indian Higher Education: Preparing Students for a Start-up Economy

Abstract

Entrepreneurship has emerged as a critical driver of economic growth and innovation, particularly in India, which boasts one of the world's most dynamic start-up ecosystems. Indian higher education institutions are increasingly tasked with fostering entrepreneurial mindsets and skills to equip students for success in a start-up-driven economy. This shift aligns with national priorities, including initiatives like Startup India and Atmanirbhar Bharat, aimed at promoting self-reliance and job creation. Despite the potential, Indian higher education faces challenges in embedding entrepreneurship as a core component of curricula. Traditional pedagogical models often emphasize rote learning, leaving limited room for the experiential and interdisciplinary approaches necessary for entrepreneurial education. However, a growing number of universities and colleges are now incorporating innovation hubs, start-up incubators, and entrepreneurship-focused courses. These initiatives aim to bridge the gap between theoretical knowledge and practical application, providing students with hands-on experience in problem-solving, risk-taking, and business development. The role of government and private stakeholders is pivotal in this transformation. Partnerships with industries, mentorship programs, and access to venture capital are critical enablers for fostering a vibrant start-up culture within academic settings. Furthermore, integrating entrepreneurial education with digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence and blockchain, prepares students to navigate emerging economic landscapes effectively. As India continues to prioritize start-up-led growth, the entrepreneurial orientation of its higher education system will play a decisive role in producing future-ready graduates. By embedding entrepreneurship into their core missions, educational institutions can nurture a generation of innovators capable of addressing societal challenges and contributing to economic resilience. The convergence of education, innovation, and policy support will be instrumental in sustaining India’s position as a global start-up hub.