Entrepreneurial intention of sports students in the higher education context - Can gender make a difference?

Abstract

Entrepreneurship has been indicated as a fundamental approach to solve a number of social and economic problems. For that reason, it is important to understand the factors that influence the entrepreneurial intention, particularly at moments in life when people have to make decisions about their careers. This study aims to analyse the entrepreneurial intention of higher education students, particularly in the area of sport, and analyse whether this entrepreneurial intention is affected by gender. A quantitative study was carried out, by applying a questionnaire to 332 students on Sport degree courses provided by higher education institutions in Portugal. The results indicate that students have confidence and are positive regarding their entrepreneurial capacities and competences, they are greatly attracted by this career option and are willing to take on the risks associated with entrepreneurial activity. Analysing entrepreneurial intention according to gender, male students show greater interest in being entrepreneurs, and more confidence in their entrepreneurial skills and competences than females. Concerning the value society gives to the entrepreneurial career, this dimension is found to have a negative influence on women's entrepreneurial intention. This result is no surprise, as society does not yet look favourably on female entrepreneurs, the idea persisting that this is a career for men. Therefore, the study suggests reflecting on entrepreneurship education and the need to update curricula in the field of sport, aiming to contribute to higher rates of entrepreneurship, particularly among women.