Abstract
Based on recent findings of the economic literature on the implications of entrepreneurial innovation for recycling municipal waste, this paper aims to examine the main factors of recycling municipal waste at the European Union (EU) level. In this study, the authors developed a linear regression model to analyze the relationship between business expenditure on research and development (R&D), private investments, gross domestic product (GDP) expenditures on R&D, resource productivity, and environmental taxes on the recycling rate of municipal waste (RRMW). In our analyses, we used data from the Statistical Office of the European Union (EUROSTAT) and five statistical hypotheses were validated through a multiple regression model with panel data using the statistical software EViews 11. The study was conducted in 27 European Union countries between 2010 and 2017. Our results indicate that business expenditure on R&D, private investments, GDP expenditures on R&D, and resource productivity have a direct and significant impact on the RRMW, while environmental taxes have a significant and inverse impact on the RRMW. These findings underline that public policies should be focused on increasing the use of private and public investments on R&D for recycling municipal waste.
Highlights
The purpose of the paper is to examine what the main factors of recycling municipal waste at the European level are, using a linear regression model in order to discover and analyze the relationship between several economic factors and the recycling rate of municipal waste (RRMW)
For the quantitativTeaabnleal2y. sDise,sRcrRipMtiWve wstaatsissteictsaosfththeeevnadrioagbelensoiunsthvearmiaobdleel(.Y), determined by five exogenoVuasrivabalreiables. They wUnerite: BusineMssinexpendiMtueraens on RM&eDdi(aXn1); privMataexinvestSmt.eDntesv,. jobs,Nand the added value related to the recycling sector (X2); gross domestic product (GDP) expenditure on research and development (R&D) (GERD) by the business enterpRriRseMsWec(tYo)r (X3); resour%ce produc6ti.4v0it0y (X4);3a7n.1d78enviro3n4m.80e0ntal ta6x7e.s60(0X5)
The positive coefficients of X1, X2, X3, and X4 in the pooled least square (PLS) model reveal the fact that business expenditures on R&D, private investments, jobs, and added value related to the recycling sector, GDP expenditure on R&D by the business enterprise sector, and resource productivity have a positive impact on the RRMW, while the negative coefficient of X5 leads to the conclusion that any increase in environmental taxes would lead to a decrease in RRMW
Summary
The purpose of the paper is to examine what the main factors of recycling municipal waste at the European level are, using a linear regression model in order to discover and analyze the relationship between several economic factors and the recycling rate of municipal waste (RRMW). The study intended to demonstrate the impact of entrepreneurial innovation interpreted as business expenditure on R&D, resource productivity, and environmental taxes on the RRMW. The motivation for this approach is given by the fact that entrepreneurial innovation is no longer a desiderate, but rather a constant key activity of our society. Both public policy and business environment have an interest in all of the innovative solutions for the improvement of their activity, as well as in the positive impact of the innovation on the return of business. Constant improvement of the activity is due to the implementation of the innovation results
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