Abstract
The main goal of this article is to appraise the existence of different patterns of the Entrepreneurial Ecosystems, to identify its relationship with Entrepreneurial Initiative, and recommend entrepreneurship policies that may influence the growth of entrepreneurial action. Without evidence on entrepreneurial ecosystems landscape and what determinants stimulate entrepreneurship in a given environment, policies could become flawed and miss the target. To address research purposes, the analysis was performed using data extracted from the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) Database carried out between 2010 and 2016. To ensure a longitudinal perspective, it was used a balanced panel approach followed by Logistic Regression estimations. The article offers a novel and systematic approach, the Entrepreneurial Ecosystem Taxonomy, to overcome a disaggregated perspective on entrepreneurial ecosystems, between individual and context levels. Empirical findings capture four different country profiles, based on two measures: Entrepreneurial ecosystems and entrepreneurial initiative. The results allow to compare the four groups and appraise significant disparities around entrepreneurship determinants, namely, the education factor. While education is commonly recognized as a positive influence on entrepreneurship, the results suggest a contradictory effect. The existence of differentiated profiles and its determinants points outs the importance of developing specific entrepreneurship policy packages attending group specificities.
Highlights
There are some changes throughout the years, with some countries dropping their position or conquering a new one, while others remain in the same quadrant despite the time gap between those two moments
The taxonomic outlook around EE highlights the differences between the groups and, like a magnifier, it acknowledges the impact of different factors and their influence on entrepreneurial initiative
This paper finds that all groups are positively ignited by a set of variables, such as Social Context, Opportunity Recognition, and Skills Perception
Summary
Job creation, and economic development made entrepreneurship a ubiquitous topic in the entrepreneurial policy literature [2]. During the last three decades, academics, practitioners, and policymakers encouraged by a fervent interest on discovering what influences entrepreneurship, presented mostly disarticulated approaches focused on the entrepreneur and on the entrepreneurial venture. The topic was redressed towards a more complex and systemic perspective resulting on the emergence of entrepreneurial ecosystems concept, where the entrepreneur and the entrepreneurial venture along with other contextual elements interrelate. The recognition of entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) as a community of multiple stakeholders concerned to create favorable environments to support new ventures [2] reinforced the importance of entrepreneurship policy [3].
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