Entrenamiento interválico en pacientes con cardiopatía isquémica: metodología y análisis de resultados ergoespirométricos

Abstract

Background Interval training is an exercise modality underused in patients with coronary artery disease even though different authors have shown its physiological benefits. Objective To describe a simple method of interval training and to evaluate its benefits and safety in patients with coronary artery disease. Method Twenty-five patients with stable coronary artery disease underwent high-intensity interval training on a cycle ergometer. To determine the training work rate, we performed a steep ramp test. The training consisted of intervals of 20 seconds at 50% of the maximum load achieved in the steep ramp test, followed by intervals of 40 seconds at 10%. A cycle ergospirometry was performed before and after the programme to compare data. Results After 8 weeks of interval training, there were significant gains in V0 2 peak (19.9±5.3 vs. 23.8±6 mL·kg -1·min −1), maximal work rate (103.5±42.6 vs.124.6±53.4 watts), maximal heart rate (117.6±15.7 vs. 128±16.5 bpm) and heart rate recovery index in the first minute (16.5±9.2 vs. 21.3±7.7 bpm). There were no adverse events. Conclusion In patients with coronary artery disease, high-intensity interval training is an easy, safe exercise modality that produces improvement in VO2 peak and exercise tolerance.