Abstract
The present article is a result of an ethnographic investigation and has as its main objective the reflection upon a present and relevant social context: the indigenous people living in urban centers of Latin America. We have analyzed the current situation of a target group through a case study focused on three main themes: identity, territoriality and immigration and labor market. The target group has been an indigenous community located within the urban area of the city of Curitiba, southern Brazil, actually composed by 35 indigenous families from three different ethnics: Guarani, Kaingang and Xeta. These ethnic groups are faced daily with a series of problems and issues of concern to most of other indigenous Latin-American urban communities: maintenance and the exercise of their specific identities, access and urban demarcation of indigenous areas, and means of survival and labor integration in the cities where they live. We think this study may serve as a reference and comparison to other case studies of similar realities.
Highlights
Q %HWZHHQ DQ,QGLJHQRXV 9LOODJH DQG 6N\VFUDSHUV,GHQWLW\,PPLJUDWLRQ and Urban Indigenous Territoriality in Curitiba, Brazil
7KH SUHVHQW DUWLFOH LV D UHVXOW RI DQ HWKQRJUDSKLF LQYHVWLJDWLRQ DQG KDV DV LWV PDLQ REMHFWLYH WKH UHÀHFWLRQ upon a present and relevant social context: the indigenous people living in urban centers of Latin America
We have analyzed the current situation of a target group through a case study focused on three main themes: identity, territoriality and immigration and labor market
Summary
Podemos pensar que el espacio urbano no es, a priori, un espacio indígena, por lo menos no lo es en relación al imaginario social sobre tales grupos. En determinados momentos los grupos migran a pequeñas urbanizaciones cercanas a las áreas indígenas, manteniendo de esta forma una relación más estrecha con sus comunidades. Estos son los dos casos principales expuestos por Oscar Espinosa de Rivero al hablar de los desplazamientos de grupos indígenas en dirección a las ciudades en la Amazonia peruana. El autor cita a los yaminawa como uno de los grupos indígenas que pueden ser considerados de alguna forma residuos de este proceso. Los miembros de las tres etnias (guaraní, xetá y kaingang) que viven hoy en la aldea Kakané Porã, donde se desarrolló gran parte de nuestra investigación, son originarios de esta zona del país. La conquista de un territorio indígena en Curitiba por parte del grupo con el que trabajamos, fue uno de los principales motivadores para su propia formación y constituyó su primera gran reivindicación. En la aldea Kakané Porã viven hoy las 18 familias que vivían en Cambuhy y 17 más que estaban distribuidas por los barrios periféricos de la ciudad
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