Abstract
The study of fungal antibiotics in their competitive interactions with arthropods may lead to the development of novel biorational insecticides. Extracts of Alternaria tenuissima MFP253011 obtained using various methods showed a wide range of biological activities, including entomotoxic properties. Analysis of their composition and bioactivity allowed us to reveal several known mycotoxins and unidentified compounds that may be involved in the entomotoxic activity of the extracts. Among them, tenuazonic acid (TeA), which was the major component of the A. tenuissima extracts, was found the most likely to have larvicidal activity against Galleria mellonella. In the intrahaemocoel injection bioassay, TeA was toxic to G. mellonella and of Zophobas morio with an LT50 of 6 and 2 days, respectively, at the level of 50 µg/larva. Administered orally, TeA inhibited the growth of G. mellonella larvae and caused mortality of Acheta domesticus adults (LT50 7 days) at a concentration of 250 µg/g of feed. TeA showed weak contact intestinal activity against the two phytophages, Tetranychus urticae and Schizaphis graminum, causing 15% and 27% mortality at a concentration of 1 mg/mL, respectively. TeA was cytotoxic to the Sf9 cell line (IC50 25 µg/mL). Thus, model insects such as G. mellonella could be used for further toxicological characterization of TeA.
Highlights
The results of two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that the composition of the nutrient medium (F3,16 = 6.1, p = 0.01) and the extraction solvent (F1,16 = 79.8, p = 0.001) significantly affected the yield of extractive matter (YEM) from the culture filtrate of A. tenuissima MFP253011
This study demonstrated moderate to low sensitivity of arthropods to tenuazonic acid (TeA) in various bioassays
The extracts of A. tenuissima MFP253011 obtained by various methods showed a wide range of biological activity, including entomotoxic properties
Summary
Publisher’s Note: MDPI stays neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. Herbivores and phytopathogens inhabit the same ecological niches and use plants as a food source and, can compete for substrates. In this regard, some phytopathogenic microorganisms are assumed to produce metabolites that directly (because of entomotoxic or repellent action) or indirectly (through induced plant responses, suppressed immunity, and the symbiotic microbiota of insects) affect the fitness of arthropods. The study of the antagonistic effect of phytopathogenic microorganisms on the viability, development, and fertility of arthropods is important for the development of methods to control phytophagous insects and vectors of human and animal diseases [1]
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