Entomopathogenic Nematode Ecology and Biological Control in Florida Citrus Orchards

Abstract

Biological control through augmentation of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) in soil is an important component of integrated pest management (IPM) of the root weevil, Diaprepes abbreviatus, in Florida citrus orchards for over 20 years. However, to improve the effectiveness of EPNs for weevil control substantial information is needed about the post-application biology of EPNs as well as the ecology and importance of endemic species for weevil management. Current status of EPNs augmentation as a weevil control tactic, their role in soil food webs in different habitats, and the biocontrol potentials of endemic EPN communities, are reviewed. We also discuss molecular approaches to assess EPN population distribution and dynamics, and how these techniques could contribute to our understanding of nematodes ecology to enhance EPNs in biocontrol. Basic and applied study of EPNs increased during the past half-century, accelerating awareness of limitations for many conventional management practices. Understanding the EPNs population biology is necessary to discover and exploit new ways to increase their efficacy and reliability for biological control in managed ecosystems.