Entomologische Aspekte der Umwandlung montaner Fichtenforste in Mitteleuropa

Abstract

The last decades impressively demonstrated the extraordinary instability of secondary stands of Norway spruce. New concepts of forest management are now considered, mostly including the conversion of unnatural pure spruce forests to mixed or deciduous forests. Entomological problems are substantially touched by such approach to more natural conditions at least in two points: biodiversity and forest protection. Thus, forest entomology is challenged to assist forestry supplying constructive expertise. This is particularly necessary with montane forests, which require very differentiated considerations. A brief survey of the threatenings by insects, to which Norway spruce is exposed at different altitudes of the montane region, demonstrates the relief which can be expected from forest conversions. The transitional stage bears special risks, since a temporary destabilization of forests may provoke excessive damage also by insects. Reintroduction of admixed or alternative tree species may be accompanied by new tree-specific pest problems. Within certain limitations, leaving dead trees for raising animal diversity in forests can be reconciled with the necessities of forest protection.