Abstract
Since the 1990s, changes in the area of security have triggered a number of ongoing military transformations in keeping with the broad trends of internationalization and privatization we currently experience. We compare two concrete transformation processes in liberal democracies to assess their effects on the state security and defence policy, namely, reform of the German armed forces into an ‘army of operations’ and increased contracting of private military and security companies by the US military. Contrary to what might be expected, neither privatization nor internationalization directly undermine or weaken the state’s monopoly on the use of force. However, under the guise of a discourse on efficiency and effectiveness, internationalization and privatization have the joint effect of weakening democratic and legal control over the state’s monopoly of the use of force, in the long run.
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