Abstract
Partial and integral enthalpies of mixing of ternary Li-Pb-Sb alloys were measured at 923 and 1023 K with drop calorimetry. In total 12 sections were studied of fixed molar ratios of Li to Pb equal to 1/9, 1/3, 2/3, 1, 3/2, 3, Pb to Sb equal to 3/1, 1, 1/3 and Li to Sb equal to 1/4, 2/3, 1. The measurements were performed by consecutive dropping solid metal samples (Li, Pb or Sb) from ambient temperature into calorimeter chamber. In the first step calibration was performed, in the second binary starting alloy was formed, and finally enthalpies of liquid ternary alloys were measured. Integral enthalpies of mixing are negative in the whole concentration range studied, and tend to a minimum associated with a minimum in Li-Sb system.
Highlights
Novel rechargeable liquid metal batteries (LMB), invented in 2009 by MIT research group led by Donald Sadoway,[1,2,3] where both electrodes and electrolyte are in a liquid form, have an ability to store a large amount of electricity from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar, and to deliver this electricity when it is required
Integral enthalpies measured from the Pb-Sb (Fig. 2c) side decrease with increasing concentration of Li, in the concentration range studied, only for section L (Pb to Sb molar ratio 3) the minimum is observed at * 0.55 mol fraction Li
Twelve sections were studied by Li, Pb and Sb drop dissolution calorimetry
Summary
Novel rechargeable liquid metal batteries (LMB), invented in 2009 by MIT research group led by Donald Sadoway,[1,2,3] where both electrodes and electrolyte are in a liquid form, have an ability to store a large amount of electricity from renewable energy sources such as wind or solar, and to deliver this electricity when it is required. Wang et al.[3] proposed the Li-Pb-Sb alloys as a potential electrode candidate for LMB technology, due to relatively. Enthalpies of mixing of liquid Li-Sb alloys were measured calorimetrically by the present authors at 922 K over 0.46–0.87 mol fraction Sb.[7] These were recently confirmed experimentally by Li et al.[8] over Sb concentration range 0.43–0.97 mol fraction Sb at 929 and 979 K. According to both sets of data,[7,8] integral enthalpies of mixing do not show temperature dependency and, in the concentration range studied, decrease with decreasing content of Sb to reach *- 55 kJ/mol at 0.44 mol fraction of Sb
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