Enthalpies of formation and lattice enthalpies of alkaline metal acetates

Abstract

The standard ( p° = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpies of formation in the crystalline state of the alkaline metal acetates CH 3COOM (M = Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs), at T = 298.15 K, were determined by reaction-solution calorimetry as: Δ f H m ° ( C H 3 COOLi , cr ) = − ( 741.40 ± 0.95 ) kJ mol −1, Δ f H m ° ( C H 3 COONa , cr ) = − ( 711.01 ± 0.51 ) kJ mol −1, Δ f H m ° ( C H 3 COOK , cr ) = − ( 722.36 ± 0.49 ) kJ mol −1, Δ f H m ° ( C H 3 COORb , cr ) = − ( 722.31 ± 1.09 ) kJ mol −1, Δ f H m ° ( C H 3 COOCs , cr ) = − ( 726.10 ± 1.07 ) kJ mol −1. These results, taken together with the enthalpies of formation of the haloacetates XCH 2COOM (M = Li, Na; X = Cl, Br, I) and chloropropionates ClCH(CH 3)COOM (M = Li, Na) re-evaluated from literature data were used to derive a consistent set of lattice energies, and discuss some general trends of the structure–energetics relationship for the CH 3COOM, XCH 2COOM, and ClCH(CH 3)COOM compounds, based on the Kapustinskii approximation. It was found that the lattice energies of the haloacetates are essentially independent of the halogen and ca. 17–25 kJ mol −1 smaller than those of the corresponding acetates. In addition, no significant difference between the lattice enthalpy values of the haloacetates and chloropropionates was observed. Finally, linear correlations of very similar slope were obtained by plotting the M O bond distances derived from the Kapustinskii equation against the published experimental M O bond distances for alkaline metal acetates and alkoxides. The analysis of these relations suggests that the metal–oxygen bond distances for the lithium, potassium, and rubidium acetates, whose molecular structures in the solid state have not been determined, can be estimated as 214, 288, and 304 pm, respectively.