Abstract
During the first half of this century, poliomyelitis was the most prevalent epidemic acute nonbacterial CNS disease. Indeed, the paralytic consequences were so severe and costly that scientific efforts were directed toward disease control through immunization for several decades. The absence of susceptible animal species apart from primates limited epidemiologic and preventive endeavors. A spectrum of illness presumed to be due to poliomyelitis virus was recognized. In a given epidemic, there were always persons with acute CNS illnesses characterized by fever, headache with signs of meningeal irritation, and pleocytosis in the CSF who did not become paralyzed. In some outbreaks, little or no paralytic disease was identified.
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