Abstract
The intestinal conservation mechanism of bile salts is highly efficient. From 20–40 g of bile salts excreted daily into bile, only 0.5 g are lost through fecal excretion and have to be replaced by de novo bile acid synthesis. This conservation is achieved through enterohepatic circulation of bile salts, which depends on the coordinated action of numerous transporter proteins expressed at the basolateral and apical membrane of liver, biliary and small intestinal epithelial cells. The following paragraphs introduce the major hepatobiliary transport systems involved in hepatobiliary circulation and briefly describe their role in hepatocellular physiology and bile formation. The reader is also referred to several complementary reviews that have appeared recently and that are referenced throughout the manuscript.
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