Abstract
Probiotics are a set of nonpathogenic microorganisms without virulence which inhibit pathogen growth in animals. Enterococcus faecium has been introduced as a probiotic and its probiotic characteristics have been evaluated in several investigations. Evidence suggests that probiotics may modulate the immune system of the host to improve responses against pathogens. Thus, this review aimed to present recent studies regarding the effects of the E. faecium probiotic strain on the host immune responses. It seems that E. faecium AL41, CGMCC, NCIMB, SF68, Strain 26, JWS 833 and EF55 strains improve beneficially the immune responses of the host. However, most studies have been performed on animal models, therefore, clinical trials on humans are required to understand the beneficial mechanisms of E. faecium on the human immune system. Keywords: Probiotics, Enterococcus faecium, Immune responses
Highlights
Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms which have several benefits on human health or physiology.[1]
E. faecium is recognized as a probiotic, and this review article collates recent information regarding the roles of E. faecium in modulation of the immune responses
The Effects of Enterococcus faecium on the Innate Immunity Based on the probiotic effects of E. faecium, it seems that the bacterium considered as a foreign particle for immune system, and can modulate innate immune system
Summary
Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms which have several benefits on human health or physiology.[1]. Probiotics have several positive and negative effects on the gut microflora and the microbial toxic activities, respectively.[2,3] Both yeast and bacteria, especially lactic acid bacteria, are the main members of probiotics.[1] Probiotics modulate endogenous flora, pathogenic micro-organisms and the immune responses of hosts in either a direct or indirect manner.[4] it has been hypothesized that probiotics can be considered as potential agents to prevent or help to cure human infectious diseases, especially intestinal disturbances.[5] Enterococcus faecium is a strain of gram positive bacteria Firmicutes phylum, bacilli class, Lactobacillales order, Enterococcaceae family, Enterococcus genus, the E. faecium species, which exhibits some probiotic properties.[6] it has been proposed as a probiotic and several studies have evaluated the bacteria for treatment of several animal and human models.[7,8,9] The following sections describe the bacteria in details. The Major Effects of Enterococcus faecium Probiotic Strains on the Immune System of Hosts
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