Abstract
Human adenovirus (HAdV) is known to be a common cause of diarrhea in children worldwide. Infection with adenovirus is responsible for 2–10% of diarrheic cases. To increase a better understanding of the prevalence and epidemiology of HAdV infection, a large scale and long-term study was needed. We implemented a multi-year molecular detection and characterization study of HAdV in association with acute gastroenteritis in Chiang Mai, Thailand from 2011 to 2017. Out of 2,312 patients, HAdV was detected in 165 cases (7.2%). The positive rate for HAdV infection was highest in children of 1 and 2 years of age compared to other age groups. HAdV subgroup C (40.6%) was the most prevalent, followed by subgroups F (28.5%), B (20.6%), A and D (4.8% each), and E (0.6%). Of these, HAdV-F41 (22.4%), HAdV-C2 (18.2%), HAdV-B3 (15.2%), and HAdV-C1 (13.3%) were the most common genotypes detected. HAdV infection occurred throughout the year with a higher detection rate between May and July. In conclusion, our study demonstrated the infection rate, seasonal distribution and genotype diversity of HAdV infection in children with diarrhea in Chiang Mai, Thailand over a period of 7 year. Not only enteric adenovirus (F40 and F41) but also non-enteric adenovirus (B3, C1, C2) may play an important role in gastroenteritis in this area. The information will be beneficial for the prevention and control of HAdV outbreaks in the future.
Highlights
Acute gastroenteritis or diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and is still a significant public health problem of infants and young children worldwide
It was found that children of between 1 and 2 years of age represented the majority of infected patients at 38.5%, followed by children at Adenovirus infection in children with diarrhea
Human adenovirus is known to be a common cause of diarrhea in children after rotaviruses and caliciviruses
Summary
Acute gastroenteritis or diarrhea is a major cause of morbidity, mortality and is still a significant public health problem of infants and young children worldwide. Adenovirus has been recognized as one of the important pathogens responsible for diarrhea. The virus is a spherical and non-enveloped particle with a diameter of 70– 90 nm. The genome of this virus is a double-stranded DNA with 26–45 kb in length encapsulated within an icosahedral capsid. Several viruses in the Adenoviridae family can cause diseases
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