Abstract
Recent developments in nutrition support have continued to focus on the gastrointestinal tract as an important part of host defense following injury. Immunosuppression and subsequent infections are a major problem in critically ill and critically injured patients, and aggressive nutrition support is necessary to avoid progressive protein or calorie malnutrition. Altered gastrointestinal permeability and mucosal immunity have received significant attention as important factors in improving host defenses influenced by nutrition. Specialty formulas show significant promise in supporting the critically ill patient and maximizing the opportunity for recovery without infectious morbidity. Evidence supporting enteral rather than parenteral nutrition continues to mount.
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