Abstract
New clerodane diterpenes, 12-epi-megalocarpodolide D (2) and an epimeric mixture of crotonolins A (3) and B (4), were isolated from the bark of Croton oligandrus following a bioassay-guided isolation protocol. Known compounds, megalocarpodolide D (1), 12-epi-crotocorylifuran (5), cluytyl-ferulate (6), hexacosanoyl- ferulate (7), vanillin (8), acetyl-aleuritolic acid (9) and lupeol (10), were also isolated. The structures of the isolated compounds (1–10) were elucidated by spectroscopic means. The cytotoxicity of compounds 1–10 was assessed against A549, MCF7, PC3 and PNT2 cell lines using the MTT assay. Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate levels of activity against both A549 and MCF7 cells with 1 being the most active with IC50 values of 63.8 ± 13.8 and 136.2 ± 22.7 µM against A549 and MCF7 cells, respectively. The epimeric mixture of 3 and 4 was moderately active against A549 and PC3 cells (IC50 = 128.6 ± 31.0 and 111.2 ± 2.9 µM, respectively).
Highlights
The genus Croton L. belongs to the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, which is one of the largest families of flowering plants with about 300 genera and more than 7500 species [1]
The genus Croton L. belongs to the Crotonoideae subfamily, and comprises around 1300 species of herbs, shrubs and trees growing in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe [3]
Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited moderate levels of cytotoxicity against both A549 and MCF7 cells with 1 being the most active with IC50 values of 63.8 ± 13.8 and 136.2 ± 22.7 μM against A549 and MCF7 cells, respectively
Summary
The genus Croton L. belongs to the spurge family Euphorbiaceae, which is one of the largest families of flowering plants with about 300 genera and more than 7500 species [1] This family has five subfamilies: Acalyphoideae, Crotonoideae, Euphorbioideae, Phyllanthoideae and Oldfieldoiideae [2]. The genus Croton L. belongs to the Crotonoideae subfamily, and comprises around 1300 species of herbs, shrubs and trees growing in tropical and subtropical regions of the globe [3]. The species of this genus have long been used in ethnomedicine. Studies of the species harvested in Molecules 2018, 23, 410; doi:10.3390/molecules23020410 www.mdpi.com/journal/molecules
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