Ensuring translation fidelity in multilingual research

Abstract

Translation fidelity is often an overlooked aspect of research design method within the field of applied linguistics. For studies using multiple languages for data collection, production, and analysis, inadequately translated tools and data can lead to inaccurate conclusions. Research rigor is crucial for studies carried out in cross-cultural and multilingual contexts, where clear, replicable, translation processes are needed to maximize trustworthiness and validity. The challenge is particularly acute in small scale research where the researcher may not only create and translate the instruments, but also conduct qualitative analyses on the data. The chapter draws on the researchers’ experience in multiple multilingual projects over a period of more than 25 years. It outlines some of the challenges faced by researchers working in multilingual contexts and introduces two serial translation procedures for strengthening the linguistic, cultural, and content validity of translated tools (e.g., survey instruments) and analysis texts (e.g., transcriptions). The chapter also highlights key decisions for researchers about the linkage between translation and related processes, such as interview and transcription procedures. As translation is a key process in any research where multiple languages are being used in data collection and analysis, the chapter finishes by including guidelines for researchers, which can be used to evaluate the extent to which key issues have been addressed.