Ensuring the stability of deep boilers of high-rise buildings

Abstract

In today's conditions, the development of underground space can rightly be considered one of the most important and dynamic directions in civil and industrial construction at the worldlevel. In Ukraine, underground construction is important in connection with Russia's aggressive war. Underground and buried structures are most actively built in large cities and megacities. The main reasons for the need to use underground space in cities include the lack of free territories within historically formed buildings and requirements for urban infrastructure development. Today, the underground space is used not onlyfor the placement of engineering communicationsand transport facilities, but also for the construction of public complexes, multi-story underground garages and parking lots, shopping centers, as well asburied parts of residential and office buildings. Structural solutions for underground and buried structures, as well as their construction methods, depend on spatial planning solutions, purpose, depth of laying, engineering-geological, climatic and seismic construction conditions, surface loads, and the proximity of other buildings and buildings. Today, the maximum depth of pits designed inurban conditions usually do not exceed 25-30 m, and the number of underground floors is five to six. Given the growing demand for underground space, especially in densely populated areas, designers and engineers face a number of challengesthat require innovative approaches and modern technologies. This includes the use of the latest methods of geotechnical modeling, the use of highquality materials that ensure the durability and safety of structures, and the implementation of effective water drainage and waterproofing systems. Particular attention should be paid to safety issues during the construction and operation of underground structures, as they may be exposed to natural and man-made factors, such as groundwater, soil movement, and seismic activity. An important aspect is also the provision of comfortable conditions for people using underground facilities, which includes ventilation, lighting and evacuation routes. Scientific research and the experience of international projects demonstrate that the correct use of underground space can significantly increase the efficiency of the use of urban areas, contribute to the steady development of cities and improve the quality of life of their residents. Investments in underground construction are becoming more and more justified in view of the long-term benefits and theneed to adapt to the conditions of the modern urban environment. In general, underground construction is an important direction that has significant potential for development and improvement in the future, responding to the challenges of time and contributing to the development of modern infrastructure.