Ensuring long-term stability and size control of nanoemulsion via post-microfluidization dilution toward energy saving scale-up process

Abstract

HypothesisThe production of nanoemulsions in industry is entering a new phase to meet crucial requirements. Thus, it is essential to ensure the size adjustability, long-term stability, and environmentally friendly production of nanoemulsions. ExperimentsIn this study, we investigate these requisites for oil-in-water nanoemulsions formulated through microfluidization (MF) using polyglycerol-based nonionic surfactants with varying glycerol concentrations. Light scattering and electron microscopy results reveal that glycerol addition, an important formulation component during the MF process, facilitates the production of uniform small-sized nanoemulsions but compromises stability. To enhance stability and scalability, this study introduces the "post-MF dilution" process combining MF with a subsequent dilution process and investigates the nanoemulsion stability over 1.5 years. FindingsResults demonstrate that the proposed post-MF dilution method effectively produces nanoemulsions with enhanced stability and controlled size. Its simplicity can position it as a viable strategy for industries aiming for energy-saving and cost-effective nanoemulsion production meeting the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) criteria.