Ensuring energy saving when using biofuel installations

Abstract

All over the world and in Ukraine, in particular, the issue of lack of energy resources, their high cost, as well as pollution of the environment with hazardous waste from the production of electricity at thermal power plants is becoming more acute. Environmentalists are seriously concerned about the state of our planet with the continued use of traditional energy sources. In the current situation, the first way is to obtain energy from non-traditional and renewable sources, which includes biofuels. The total amount of biological raw materials in the world far exceeds the reserves of conventional fossil fuels. Therefore, the strategy of development of energy complexes in most countries of the world is associated with the use of renewable energy sources. The raw material for the production of biofuels can be any type of biological material. The article analyzes the possible types of biomass, the classification of these species in terms of obtaining biofuels. Today, the amount of energy consumed by biomass is about 50 EJ in the world and is about 10-15% of world primary energy consumption. To use the bioenergy potential in the long run, efforts should be focused on increasing biomass yields and modernizing agriculture, directly increasing global food production, and hence biomass resources. There are many ways to convert the original biomass into the final product in the form of energy. Several technologies have been developed and adapted based on the different physical nature and chemical composition of raw materials and energy (heat, energy, transport fuel). The article also considers possible methods of biofuel production and some installations for heat and electricity. For more efficient use of energy from biomass, modern large-scale thermal solutions are often combined with the production of heat and electricity - cogeneration. From this position the steam-gas installations in which boilers with fire chambers with a fluidized bed are established are considered. It is very important to use gas turbines on biofuels, which can be used to produce electricity during peak hours in the power system, as well as an independent autonomous energy source for individual consumers