Abstract
We performed comparative analysis of regulatory documents, which relate to ventilation of school premises and operate in European countries at present. We showed the essential difference of the recommended air exchange values. We assessed sanitary and hygienic conditions formed in classrooms at different efficiency of a ventilation system both by analytical calculations and by subjective monitoring of microclimate of experimental measurements conducted in school classrooms, when every pupil-participant performed an assessment of the internal environment in the form of a questionnaire. We measured carbonic acid gas contents emitted in a room and determined the required ventilation intensity in the evaluated school premises. We compared the multiplication factor of air exchange of the ventilation system determined in this way with the values obtained by analytical calculations carried out in accordance with current legislation and standards, which are active in Europe. We made calculations based on known analytical dependencies. We determined performance of the ventilation system of the classroom based on СО2 concentrations in internal and inflow air at various values of the multiplication factor of air exchange. It made possible to state that we can achieve the optimal microclimate parameters at air exchange of 30 m3/h per person.We presented the results of field studies and analytical calculations in the form of tables and visual graphic dependencies. The proposed research method makes it possible to increase accuracy and reliability of air quality control in classrooms by direct measurement of СО2 concentration in a serviced area of a room. The study results provide an opportunity to improve ventilation systems of school buildings. This creates prerequisites for obtaining a social effect due to an increase in labor and learning efficiency
Highlights
Research into the process of ensuring comfortable microclimate is very relevant, since about 20 % of the total population spends a significant part of their day at preschool and school facilities
Some modern publications apply to formation of microclimate in premises of educational institutions [11, 12], but the emphasis is on energy efficiency of ventilation systems in most cases [12], they determine air exchange based on already existing normative documents
We compared the multiplication factor of air exchange, We compared the obtained results with the current Euwhich is based on the experimentally measured concentra- ropean standards presented in Table 3 and analyzed them in tion of carbon dioxide: ‒ in accordance with pressure caused by the simultaneous action of temperature and wind; the form of the diagram (Fig. 6)
Summary
Research into the process of ensuring comfortable microclimate is very relevant, since about 20 % of the total population spends a significant part of their day at preschool and school facilities. Some modern publications apply to formation of microclimate in premises of educational institutions [11, 12], but the emphasis is on energy efficiency of ventilation systems in most cases [12], they determine air exchange based on already existing normative documents. Paper [2] presents results of studies on microclimate parameters in classroom premises of the gymnasium in the city of Misbach (Germany) conducted throughout a year It shows the dependence of a change in СО2 concentration during the entire educational period at different areas of open windows, but there is no amount of inflow ventilating air. There are difficulties in design of school ventilation systems due to the lack of data on emission of СО2 by pupils, that would take into consideration such additional factors as age (for junior pupils and senior pupils), a ratio of girls and boys and intensity of physical activity
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