Abstract
This paper examines the 1981–1997 association between monthly SST anomalies in the 3.4 tropical Pacific and vegetation health (VH) indices for every 16 km2 pixel of the world. The VH indices are represented by the Vegetation condition (VCI), Temperature condition (TCI), and Vegetation Health (VHI) indices. VCI determines moisture conditions, TCI – thermal conditions and VHI – the total vegetation health. Two types of responses were identified for boreal winter: ecosystems of northern South America, southern Africa, and Southeast Asia experienced severe moisture and thermal stress during El Nino and favorable conditions during La Nina years. In Argentina and the Horn of Africa the response was opposite. One of the most interesting results this paper shows are related to an advanced warnings of ENSO impacts. The eastern Brazil is sensitive to ENSO as early as in the spring (March–May) of the year the ENSO is starting its development.
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