Abstract
The current paradigm in brain research focuses on individual brain rhythms, their spatiotemporal organization, and specific pairwise interactions in association with physiological states, cognitive functions, and pathological conditions. Here we propose a conceptually different approach to understanding physiologic function as emerging behavior from communications among distinct brain rhythms. We hypothesize that all brain rhythms coordinate as a network to generate states and facilitate functions. We analyze healthy subjects during rest, exercise, and cognitive tasks and show that synchronous modulation in the micro-architecture of brain rhythms mediates their cross-communications. We discover that brain rhythms interact through an ensemble of coupling forms, universally observed across cortical areas, uniquely defining each physiological state. We demonstrate that a dynamic network regulates the collective behavior of brain rhythms and that network topology and links strength hierarchically reorganize with transitions across states, indicating that brain-rhythm interactions play an essential role in generating physiological states and cognition.
Highlights
The current paradigm in brain research focuses on individual brain rhythms, their spatiotemporal organization, and specific pairwise interactions in association with physiological states, cognitive functions, and pathological conditions
The classical paradigm of brain research addresses fundamental questions related to the origins of brain waves, their dynamics, and the role that individual dominant and non-dominant brain rhythms and their spatio-temporal organization across brain areas play in generating specific physiological states and functions[1,9]
To test the hypothesis that physiological states cannot be fully described by focusing on individual brain rhythms and isolated pairwise interactions, we systematically study interactions among all physiologically relevant cortical rhythms
Summary
The current paradigm in brain research focuses on individual brain rhythms, their spatiotemporal organization, and specific pairwise interactions in association with physiological states, cognitive functions, and pathological conditions. An approach motivated by empirical observations of quasi-steadystate behavior at large time scales during a given state, and gradual change in amplitude of brain rhythms with transitions across states[1,9]. In this classical paradigm, less attention is paid to nondominant brain rhythms, how their dynamics impact the temporal and spatial organization of dominant rhythms, and whether interactions among dominant and non-dominant rhythms exhibit universal behaviors across brain areas that facilitate physiological functions
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