Enrichment of Therapeutically Significant Flavonolignans of Silybum Marianum in Vegetative Parts by Applying Fungal Elicitors, Methyl Jasmonate and Silver Nanoparticles as Elicitor in Hydroponic Culture

Abstract

Introduction: Medicinal plants are being used to treat several diseases for many decades and this is an ancient method to treat the patients. Herbal plant Silybum marianum found most effective one to cure liver disorders. This plant produces silymarin which is a secondary metabolite and have hepatoprotective properties. Silymarin is a mixture of flavonolignans (silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A isosilybin B, silychristin, silydianin apigenin 7-D glucose and taxifolin) that has antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal and antiallergenic properties. Therefore, the excessive production of silymarin is necessary to cure different types liver disorders, so the present study executed to boost up production of Silymarin flavonolignans in vegetative parts of the Silybum marianum plant by using different elicitors.
 Materials and Methods: In the present study, elicitation technique in hydroponics system was used to enhance the production of pharmacologically active flavonolignans in Silybum marianum. Fungal elicitors prepared from lyophilized Aspergillus niger biomass, methyl jasmonate, silver nanoparticles and combination of silver nanoparticles and methyl jasmonate were added (0.2g/l), (100µM/l), (1 ppm) and (100µM/lppm) in hydroponics with Hoagland’s solution in hydroponics to enhance the production of flavonolignans of Silybum marianum. Controls were also set for each treatment. Plants were harvested after 72 hours of introduction of elicitors. High performance liquid chromatography technique was used for analytical purpose. Four solvents (methanol, acetonitrile, chloroform and 2% Trifloro acetic acid) were used in HPLC. Column was C18 and run time of sample was 1 hour. Silybum marianum’s seed extract was used as a standard. Extract of control and treated plants were run on the same polarity in HPLC.
 Results: Results showed that after elicitation significant increase was observed in production of silymarin’s flavonolignans (silybin A, silybin B, isosilybin A, isosilybin B and apigenin 7-D glucose) in vegetative part of the plant but rate of production was different for each elicitor, fungal elicitors prepared from lyophilized Aspergillus niger biomass proved best among all treatments.