Enrichment of phenolic compounds from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) pomace extract using a macroporous resin and response surface methodology

Abstract

A green protocol was proposed for the extraction and separation of high-value phenolic compounds (PCs) from grape (Vitis vinifera L.) pomace. The most important variables for scale-up purposes including extraction time (4–16 h), temperature (40–80 ℃), and solvent-to-feed ratio (8–40 mL.g−1) on the extraction efficiency and yield of PCs were scrutinized by experimental design using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The yield of PCs was quantified by monitoring the content of gallic acid (GA) and procyanidin B using the HPLC-UV analysis. To obtain an enriched extract, the optimized extract was loaded on a new designed multi-stage continuous flow adsorption column filled with a nonionic acrylic polymeric resin (LXA-10) adsorbent. The adsorption properties, including the adsorption isotherms and kinetics as well as dynamic test in term of breakthrough curve analysis have also been investigated. The optimal extraction condition was attained at 80 °C, 10 h and 20 mL.g−1, and extraction efficiency of 10.67% w/w. After enrichment process, the purity of PCs in the resulting product was reached to 99%, and the yield of product respect to initial grape pomace powdered was 1.91%. These findings may have implications in the development of adjuvant supplement manufacturing with potential effect on improving immune system. Data AvailabilityThe authors confirm that the data used to support the findings of this study are included within the article and its Supplementary material.