Enrichment and determination of nine nitrofurans in aquaculture water and aquatic feed by using metal–organic framework NDO-Zn

Abstract

Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have broad application prospects for drug enrichment and analysis. In this work, novel MOF NDO-Zn was designed and synthesized, showing more effective absorption ability for nitrofurans (NFs). It was applied to determine nine NFs in aquaculture water and aquatic feed by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole-high field Orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. The characteristic, absorption mechanism, and experimental parameters of NDO-Zn were studied. Good sensitivity was achieved under optimal conditions, with quantitation limits of 0.5–1 μg/kg for aquatic feed and 0.05–0.1 μg/mL for aquaculture water. The relative recoveries were in the ranges of 85.9%–103.7% for aquatic feed and 87.4%–104.1% for aquaculture waters, and the relative standard deviations was < 15% for all samples. These results showed that NDO-Zn could not only be applied to accurately determine NFs in aquaculture water and aquatic feed but also provide a new strategy for the enrichment and removal of NFs.