Abstract
Among many antioxidants that are used for the repairing of oxidative stress induced skin damages, we identified the enriched astaxanthin extract (EAE) from Haematococcus pluvialis as a viable ingredient. EAE was extracted from the red microalgae through supercritical fluid carbon dioxide extraction. To compare the effectiveness, EAE wastreated on human dermal fibroblasts with other components, phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA), and doxycycline. With sirius red staining and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), we found that PMA decreased the collagen concentration and production while overall the addition of doxycycline and EAE increased the collagen concentration in a trial experiments. EAE increased collagen contents through inhibited MMP1 and MMP3 mRNA expression and induced TIMP1, the antagonists of MMPs protein, gene expression. As for when tested for various proteins through western blotting, it was seen that the addition of EAE increased the expression of certain proteins that promote cell proliferation. Testing those previous solutions using growth factor assay, it was noticeable that EAE had a positive impact on cell proliferation and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) than doxycycline, indicating that it was a better alternative treatment for collagen production. To sum up, the data confirmed the possible applications as medical cosmetology agentsand food supplements.
Highlights
Skin, the largest organ of the human body, functions as our body’s protective shield against exterior factors whether they are physical, chemical, or biological [1,2,3]
Data were expressed as a mean value of at least three independent experiments. a Vitamin C was used as a positive control on DPPH assay at 100 μM; b Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) was used as a positive control on metal chelating ability at 100 μM; c Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) was used as a positive control on reducing power at 100 μM
Through Sirius Red assay and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) assay, we can see from the data gathered that collagen does grow with the addition of enriched astaxanthin extract (EAE) due to the growth of VEGF that is a factor in cell growth
Summary
The largest organ of the human body, functions as our body’s protective shield against exterior factors whether they are physical, chemical, or biological [1,2,3]. The matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) consist of over 20 zinc peptidases of the metzincin super-family in human [11,12] This series of enzymes is responsible for the maintenance and turnover of macromolecules of extracellular matrix (ECM), like collagen. MMP1 expression from human dermal fibroblasts is induced by some physiological factors, including inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, tumor promoters, and ultraviolet radiation. Astaxanthin has a chemical formula of C40H52O4 and a molecular weight of 596.86 in geometric cis- and trans-isomers; the latter is thermodynamically more stable than the former It is found predominantly in nature, and it possesses potent antioxidant activity, which has been demonstrated in numerous studies. We examined the protective effect of EAE on PMA induced reactive nitrogen/oxygen species production and proteins in cultured fibroblasts
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Free) 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
