Enpp2/Autotaxin in Dermal Papilla Precursors Is Dispensable for Hair Follicle Morphogenesis

Abstract

Systematic ablation of previously identified dermal papilla (DP) signature genes in embryonic DP precursors will reveal their functional roles during hair follicle morphogenesis. In this study we validate Enpp2/Autotaxin as one of the highest expressed signature genes in postnatal DP, and demonstrate specific expression of this lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) generating enzyme in embryonic dermal condensates. We further identify dermal and epidermal expression of several LPA receptors suggesting that LPA signaling could contribute to follicle morphogenesis in both mesenchymal and epithelial compartments. We then utilize the recently characterized Cre-expressing Tbx18 knock-in line to conditionally ablate Enpp2 in embryonic DP precursors. Despite efficient gene knockout in E14.5 dermal condensates, morphogenesis proceeds regularly with normal numbers, lengths and sizes of all hair follicle types, suggesting that Enpp2 is not required for hair follicle formation. To interrogate DP signature gene expression, we finally isolate control and Enpp2 null DP precursors and identify the expression and upregulation of LIPH, an alternative LPA producing enzyme, suggesting that this gene could functionally compensate for the absence of Enpp2. We conclude that future co-ablation of both LPA producing enzymes or of several LPA receptors may reveal the functional role of LPA signaling during hair follicle morphogenesis.