Abstract
Pruning is a removing some parts of the tree canopy, either for improving tree shape or increasing shoot productivity. It can be implemented in yield management of commodities that are harvested its shoot biomass, such as tea or kilemo. This activity interferes plant growth, hence affect root secretion. Consequently, it alters soil microbe populations in the rhizosphere. This paper observes the impacts of pruning on fluctuation of root exudates (soil sugar) and rhizosphere communities of 2-years-old Kilemo (Litsea cubeba L. Pers.). Tree samples were pruned by removing shoots above the lowest branches. A month after cutting, trees were fertilized using three types of fertilizers: leaf, NPK, and organic fertilizer. As a control, there were non-fertilized treated trees. To observe the root exudation and microbes populations, 0−20 cm depth of soil at rhizospheres were collected from 10th, 30th, 60th and 90th day after pruning. Samples were further analyzed for observing the amount of soil-sugar and microbes population, such as N-fixer, cellulose degrader, and phosphate solubilizer. Results show that Kilemo root drastically decreased their sugar exudation by 22% (10th day), 28% (30th day), 44% (60th day) and 70% (90th day), respectively. Therefore, those populations were significantly depleted. Rhizosphere sugar can be improved by fertilization, however, the augmentation did not enhance the rhizosphere communities.
Highlights
IntroductionChemicals and biologicals activities in the rhizosphere are essential to supply available nutrients for plants
The impact of pruning to root exudation in the rhizosphere Pruning activities drastically reduced the productivity of soil sugar released to the root zone (Figure 1)
By the day 10th after the pruning content of soil sugar in the rhizosphere reduced by 22% compare to unpruned plants
Summary
Chemicals and biologicals activities in the rhizosphere are essential to supply available nutrients for plants Both chemical compounds released by plant roots and enzymes produced by soil microbes, are intensively determine those processes. Root exudates facilitate colonization of specific fungi and bacteria in root environment (Sørensen 1997) that determine population size and composition of soil microbe communities Those communities associated with plants in the rhizosphere decide soil volume which can be influenced by root. Rhizosphere-inhabited microbes play important roles in nutrients cycling through organic matter decomposition and mineralization activities They are key actors determining functions and sustainability of root ecosystem. Inorganic fertilizers application will increase the concentrations of available macro-nutrients in the rhizosphere (Miah et al 1998), such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium that play a crucial role in plant growth and yield. This paper observes the impact of pruning on the dynamics of kilemo root exudates and the population of nitrogen-fixer bacteria (NFB), cellulose-degrading microbes (CDM), and phosphate solubilizing microbes (PSM), influences of fertilizer application after pruning, as well
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