Abstract
Fusarium avenaceum is a generalist pathogen responsible for diseases in numerous crop species. The fungus produces a series of mycotoxins including the cyclohexadepsipeptide enniatins. Mycotoxins can be pathogenicity and virulence factors in various plant–pathogen interactions, and enniatins have been shown to influence aggressiveness on potato tubers. To determine the role of these mycotoxins in other F. avenaceum–host interactions, ENNIATIN SYNTHASE 1 (ESYN1) disruption and overexpression mutants were generated and their ability to infect wheat and peas investigated. As a preliminary study, the transformants were screened for their ability to cause potato tuber necrosis and, consistent with a previous report, enniatin production increased necrotic lesion size on the tubers. By contrast, when the same mutants were assessed in their ability to cause disease in pea roots or durum wheat spikes, no changes in disease symptoms or virulence were observed. While it is known that, at least in the case of wheat, exogenously applied enniatins can cause tissue necrosis, this group of mycotoxins does not appear to be a key factor on its own in disease development on peas or durum wheat.
Highlights
Fusarium avenaceum is a generalist pathogen involved in a wide variety of plant diseases, includingFusarium root and stalk rots of diverse crops species [1,2,3], and Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals [4].Potatoes, peas, and cereals are among the major agricultural crops affected by this species
All mutants carry a single copy of the hygromycin selection marker, HYGROMYCIN PHOSPHOTRANSFERASE (HPH) (Figure S1)
[39], and, among these, ENNs were previously identified as aggressiveness factors in the Fusarium–potato tuber interaction
Summary
Fusarium avenaceum is a generalist pathogen involved in a wide variety of plant diseases, includingFusarium root and stalk rots of diverse crops species [1,2,3], and Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals [4].Potatoes, peas, and cereals are among the major agricultural crops affected by this species. Fusarium avenaceum is a generalist pathogen involved in a wide variety of plant diseases, including. Fusarium root and stalk rots of diverse crops species [1,2,3], and Fusarium head blight (FHB) of cereals [4]. Peas, and cereals are among the major agricultural crops affected by this species. Fusarium dry rot is an important disease of potatoes worldwide [5], with potential crop losses resulting from tuber dry rot in the field and in storage in the neighborhood of 25% and 60%, respectively [6,7,8]. Different Fusarium mycotoxins, such as enniatins, beauvericin, and trichothecenes, have been found to accumulate in infected potato tissues and some of these may be involved in pathogenicity [10,11,12,13]
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