ENLIGHTENER AND EDUCATOR I. I. GORBUNOV-POSADOV ABOUT DEVELOPMENT OF VALUABLE ATTITUDE TO LIVING BEINGS WORLD AMONG CHILDREN

Abstract

This article raises the actual problem of relationship between human and nature, human beings and all other creatures. We see the solution of the problem in initiating of broad educational and pedagogical influences on philosophical values of the individual, starting from early childhood; emphasis is placed on the current unsatisfactory situation in this area. It is noted that the origins of solving the problem of educating children in a humane attitude to all life can be found in the educational, pedagogical and practical activities of organizations and individual figures who lived and worked in the late 19 — early 20 century. Among other prominent historical figures of the time, the figure of Ivan Ivanovych Horbunov-Posadov (1864–1940) was chosen as the most notable, with a significant but largely unstudied journalistic, artistic, educational and pedagogical heritage. This article is devoted to analysis of his humanistic ideas. The Russian educator’s diverse personal heritage is completely described — essays, stories, poems, that reveal the author’s kind, protective, caring attitude to nature, especially to animals, as well as his work as magazine editor and compiler of reading books showing children diverse and at the same time vulnerable world of all living beings. The article presents a circle of friends, like-minded persons and employees of I. I. Gorbunov-Posadov (L. Tolstoy, V. Chertkov, I. Perper, O. Horbunova- Posadova, V. Lukianska), who carried out this humane mission. Educator’s position and activity as a popularizer of vegetarianism, an activist of the vegetarian movement, one of the organizers of the 1st All-Russian Vegetarian Congress and the inspirer of the Moscow Vegetarian Society are highlighted. Particular attention is paid to pedagogical aspects of teacher’s creative heritage. The article in particular highlights and describes his specific advice on ways to form in children of different ages through school and family love, care and concern for all animals, even those that do not cause sympathy in children. Attention is paid to activity-based aspects of the educational process consisting in making bird feeders, constructing animal houses, and so on. The general conclusion to the above was a thought that the ideas and pedagogical approaches of I. I. Gorbunov-Posadov have not lost their significance, and in environmental crises become urgently relevant and can be used in modern multifaceted pedagogical interaction between adults, children and animals.