Enhancing workability and sustainability of asphalt mixtures: Investigating the performance of beeswax as a novel additive for warm mix asphalt

Abstract

Asphalt, a crucial road component, demands ongoing research for better performance and environmental impact reduction. This study explores how adding beeswax as an asphalt binder modifier affects mixture properties. Binders were enhanced with three beeswax concentrations (1%, 3%, and 5%), followed by thorough testing covering temperature, rheological traits, and performance factors. Statistical analyses were used to interpret results. Findings reveal lower mixing and compaction temperatures due to beeswax. Specifically, 1%, 3%, and 5% beeswax lowered temperatures by 2 °C and 1 °C, 4 °C and 4 °C, and 9 °C and 12 °C during mixing and compaction. Mixtures with 3% and 5% beeswax improved resilient modulus but showed reduced resistance to permanent deformation and moisture damage. These mixtures could suit low-traffic roads and regions with little rainfall, like northeastern Brazil and North African countries. Adding beeswax aligns with eco-friendly construction, offering benefits like lower temps, energy savings, and fewer emissions. The use of beeswax introduces an intriguing concept, merging culinary and construction worlds, highlighting its potential use from various perspectives.