Abstract
In this work, the CMK-3 is successfully prepared with SBA-15 as the template and first annealed to 2000 °C to improve thermal conductivity. The annealed CMK-3 has a thermal conductivity of 6.981 W m−1 K−1 higher than un-annealed CMK-3. The annealed CMK-3 is used to encapsulate the RT44HC, and RT44HC/annealed CMK-3 has 10-fold of thermal conductivity and enhanced thermal stability than RT44HC. The RT44HC/annealed CMK-3 has a large melting enthalpy of 177.8 J g−1 and good thermal stability. The RT44HC/annealed CMK-3 has optical absorptive coefficient of visible range of solar spectrum, which identify seven-fold higher than RT44HC. The RT44HC/annealed CMK-3 has great photo-thermal performance, and the photo-driven energy charging and discharging rate of RT44HC/annealed CMK-3 is almost 30-fold larger than the RT44HC. The results show that the annealed CMK-3 is a great mesoporous carbon nanomaterial for phase change materials and the annealed CMK-3 based phase change material has great potential in solar thermal utilizations such as solar water heating system and solar heating building systems.
Highlights
Solar thermal utilization systems is the broadest mode of renewable energy such as solar heating water systems, solar heating building systems, and solar drying systems [1,2]
The receiver efficiency depends on the optical absorption property and heat capacity of absorbed layer of media, which could be defined as photo-thermal cells [4,5]
The temperature was increased to 2000 ◦C with a rate of 5 ◦C min−1 and maintained at this temperature for 4 h to anneal CMK-3 to form annealed CMK-3 (A-CMK-3)
Summary
Solar thermal utilization systems is the broadest mode of renewable energy such as solar heating water systems, solar heating building systems, and solar drying systems [1,2]. The overall efficiency is decided by receiver efficiency of gathering the solar spectrum intensity and Carnot efficiency of transfer of the thermal energy to other media [3]. The receiver efficiency depends on the optical absorption property and heat capacity of absorbed layer of media, which could be defined as photo-thermal cells [4,5]. To gain high overall efficiency, the photo-thermal cells should have good optical absorption property to improve photo-driven performance and large heat capacity to store solar thermal energy.
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